The earth is home to around 10 million described forms of life and biologists estimate the total amount of different species at about 40 million species. Importantly, variation in environment leads to an uneven distribution of these species on the planet. Think of how humans tend to cluster within cities many of which are near […]

Every first Friday of the month, we hold an open board meeting for the benefit of our members. Here you can contact us with your questions, create ideas and hopefully […]

WHAT IS ENTROPY? "Entropy is disorder." You've learned this from popular culture, you've learned this in your physical science, chemistry, or biology class. But what does that *mean*? We have an intuitive sense for what "disorder" is, but how do you really define it rigorously for a scientific concept? There are two ways to approach […]

A tutorial on "Optics for photographers”. This tutorial is intended to teach practical optical concepts to persons who are photographers but have not had formal training in optics and may have acquired misleading notions from camera advertisements, the common talk on forums, and the like. The tutorial outline is shown below. Optics for Photographers by […]